العنوان:
تقرير الجرد الوطني لغازات الدفيئة وتحليل التخفيف لقطاع النقل في لبنان
الرمز:
ENV/15/18
الجهة المشرفة:
وزارة البيئة - برنامج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي - مرفق البيئة العالمية
الجهة المعدة:
وزارة البيئة
تطلب من:
مكتب وزير الدولة لشؤون التنمية الادارية
المحتوى:
In the framework of Lebanon’s Third National Communication (TNC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions’ trend resulting from the transport sector in Lebanon was estimated from 1994 to 2011 Table of contents Executive summary الملخص التنفيذي Part 1: Inventory 1. Scope. 2. National circumstances. 3. Gaps and constraints identified by INC and SNC 4. General description of methodologies and data sources 4.1. Adopting the IPCC guidelines 4.2. Road transport. 4.3. Aviation 4.4. Maritime transport 4.5. Uncertainty assessment. 5. Results and discussion 5.1. Transport sector GHG inventory for 2005 5.2. Transport sector GHG inventory for 2010 5.3. Trends in Lebanon’s GHG emissions for the transport sector: 1994-2011 5.4. Indicators and comparison with other countries Part 2: Mitigation analysis 6. Scope 7. Introduction 8. Existing and planned mitigation actions 9. Proposed mitigation analysis 9.1. Methodology 9.2. Description of baseline scenario 9.3. Mitigation options 10. Conclusion. 11. References Annex I: Time series of the road transport emissions using tier Annex II: Tier 1 and tier 2 GHG emissions comparison for the road transport sector Annex III: Tier 1 GHG emissions comparison between SNC and TNC List of figures Figure 1: The 2012 vehicle fleet distribution Figure 2: Vehicle percentage distribution per model year of production Figure 3: Market share of transport systems in GBA in 2002 Figure 4: MEA operating capacity percentage (ratio of total revenue passenger-kilometers to total available seat-kilometers) Figure 5: Gasoline and gas/diesel oil imports for the road transport sector from 1994 to 2011...... Figure 6: Classification per country of origin of the 2010 Lebanese vehicle fleet Figure 7: Fuel imports for the aviation sector from 1994 to 2011 Figure 8: Distribution of the different direct GHGs for the road transport category for 2005 Figure 9: Contribution of the different vehicle categories to the direct GHG emissions for 2005 Figure 10: Distribution of the different direct GHGs for the road transport category for 2010 Figure 11: Contribution of the different vehicle categories to the direct GHG emissions for 2010 Figure 12: GHG emissions from 1994 to 2011 for road transport in Gg of CO2eq Figure 13: Variation of the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O relative to the 1994 level Figure 14: Evolution of NOx, CO, NMVOCs and SO2 from 1994 to 2011 Figure 15: Increase of direct GHG emissions in % for the road transport sector in comparison to the 1994 level Figure 16: Increase of direct GHGs in terms of CO2eq., population, fleet and vehicles per 1,000 persons for the road transport sector Figure 17: Evolution of the road transport emissions between 1994 and 2011 Figure 18: Percentage distribution of road motorized vehicles from 1994 to 2011 Figure 19: Comparisons of GHG emissions of CO2 and CH4 with the use of the tier 1 and tier 2 for the road transport sector Figure 20: Evolution of direct GHG emissions from 1994 to 2011 for international marine bunkers Figure 21: Loaded and unloaded cargo in Beirut and Tripoli ports from 2000 to 2011 Figure 22: Evolution of direct GHG emissions from 1994 to 2012 for international aviation bunkers Figure 23: Number of arrival and departures of aircrafts at the BIA between 1994 and 2011 Figure 24: CO2 emissions per capita, per GDP and per car for some Mediterranean and European countries for a base year of 2005 Figure 25: Population size of Lebanon, 1980-2050 Figure 26: GDP of Lebanon based on Purchasing Power Party (PPP), 2010-2040. Figure 27: ForFITS simplified model structure Figure 28: Baseline projection of passenger and freight vehicle stock Figure 29: Baseline annual estimated passenger and freight activity Figure 30: Baseline projection of passenger and freight energy use Figure 31: Baseline projection of passenger and freight CO2 emissions Figure 32: Baseline projection of passenger vehicles CO2 emissions per vehicle class. Figure 33: Change in transport activity Figure 34: Change in energy use Figure 35: Change in CO2 emissions Figure 36: Passenger LDV activity per vehicle class under baseline (B) and mitigation option 2 scenario (M2) List of tables Table 1: Gaps and needs for the calculation of GHG emissions identified in the INC and SNC. Table 2: Reporting categories investigated in the inventory of the Lebanese transport sector. Table 3: Data sources collected for the reporting categories Table 4: Description of the vehicles categories used in the calculation of road transport emissions Table 5: Road transport gasoline and gas/diesel oil consumption. Table 6: Classification of the 2011 vehicle fleet per category and EU emission control technologies Table 7: Default EF for road transport under the tier 1 methodology Table 8: Default EU emission factors for gasoline passenger cars under the tier 2 methodology Table 9: Default EU emission factors for gasoline light-duty vehicles under the tier 2 methodology Table 10: Default EU emission factors for diesel heavy-duty vehicles under the tier 2 methodology Table 11: Default EU emission factors for motorcycles under the tier 2 methodology Table 12: Airplanes jet-kerosene for aviation bunkers and gasoline for domestic flights Table 13: Default emission factors for aviation. Table 14: Fuel consumption for marine bunkers (ktonnes/year) Table 15: Default emission factors for maritime transport Table 16: QA/QC data procedure Table 17: QA/QC of the calculation process procedure Table 18: Transport sector GHG emissions for the base year 2005 Table 19: Indirect GHG emissions for the transport sector in Gg in 2005. Table 20: Direct GHG emissions from international bunkers in Gg/year in 2005 Table 21: Transport sector GHG emissions in 2010 Table 22: GHG emissions for the transport sector in Gg for the base year of 2010 Table 23: Direct GHG emissions from international bunkers in Gg/year for a base year of 2010... 16 Table 24: Trends of road transport emissions in Gg/year and in % during the period 1994- 2011 Table 25: Correlation between GDP/capita, veh/capita and GHG emissions Table 26: Transport modal characteristics considered in the ForFITs model Table 27: Output parameters of the ForFITS model Table 28: Set of hypotheses adopted in the baseline and mitigation scenarios Table 29: Characteristics of the road transport sector in 2010 Table 30: Baseline scenario projections for passenger transport Table 31: Baseline scenario projections for freight transport Table 32: Passenger transport projections of the mitigation option 1 scenario Table 33: Passenger transport projections of the scenario shift powertrain technology to FEV and HEV Table 34: Passenger transport projections of the scenario shift to mass transport Table 35: Action plan for implementation of scenario shift to fuel-efficient and hybrid electric vehiclesTable 36: Action plan for implementation of scenario shift to mass transport
السنة:
2015
القطاع الفرعي:
N/A